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APA IN TEXT NO AUTHOR MANUAL

Note: This page reflects APA 6, which is now out of date.

APA IN TEXT NO AUTHOR MANUAL

For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, (6 th ed., 2 nd printing). This resource, revised according to the 6 th edition, second printing of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page.

APA Formatting and Style Guide (6th Edition)ĪPA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences.

Writing Letters of Recommendation for Students.

See pages 272-273 of the manual for more information.

At the end of a block quotation, cite the quoted source and the page or paragraph number in parentheses after the final punctuation mark. If there are additional paragraphs within the quotation, indent first line of each an additional half inch. Start such a block quotation on a new line and indent the block about a half inch from the left margin (in the same position as a new paragraph). If the quotation comprises 40 or more words, display it in a freestanding block of text and omit the quotation marks.

The American Psychological Association (2009) is clear on its expectations for large quotes:

Place punctuation mark immediately after the quotation.

Indent the entire quotation a half inch from the left margin (but not from the right margin).

List them in alphabetical order (by authors' last names) and date order (if necessary), using semicolons between them.Įxample: Many studies have found a significant correlation between writing papers early and getting a higher grade (Day & Dream, 2010 Light, 2008 Night, Walker, & Sleep, 2015).įor these longer quotes, be sure to use the following steps: When citing several sources at once, combine them all within one set of parentheses.

Refer to section 8 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th Edition, page 258. If you know the date of the original source, then you would cite the original source. Jackson's study (as cited in Smith, 2009) suggests. If you do not have a date for the original source, you would only need to cite "Smith" in your references page, since this is the author you have read. Now, if you need to quote and cite something that is quoted in the source you are reading, there is a method. This will also prevent you from incorrectly interpreting it. So, if you read something that cites an interesting piece of information, it's best to find that original source, read it, and cite it. If the paragraph number is not visible, cite the closest heading and the paragraph number following it.ĪPA strongly recommends that you cite the direct and original source. However, if the source indicates paragraph numbers, use the abbreviation “para.” and the relevant number in the parentheses. If a resource contains no page numbers, as can be the case with electronic sources, then you cannot include a page number in the parentheses. No Page Numbers Are Available for a Quotation If two or more of your sources are written by authors with the same surname, include the first author's initials with the surname in every in-text reference.Įxample: Among studies, we review M. For example: ("All 33 Chile Miners," 2010). Use double quotation marks around the title or abbreviated title. If there is no author (be sure it's not an institutional author, like Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), cite the first few words of the reference list entry (usually the title) and the year.